{
  "dataset": "Colorado Rules Quiz bank",
  "description": "Every question in the Colorado Rules Quiz: the prompt, four options, the correct answer, a short explanation, and the official Colorado source behind it.",
  "publisher": "Colorado Porch",
  "url": "https://coloradoporch.com/data/v1/quiz-bank.json",
  "source": {
    "label": "Colorado Porch quiz",
    "href": "https://coloradoporch.com/quiz/"
  },
  "vintage": "2026, Colorado Porch (each question cites an official Colorado source)",
  "lastUpdated": "2026-07-10",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Data: Colorado Porch (coloradoporch.com) — CC BY 4.0",
  "attributionUrl": "https://coloradoporch.com/?utm_source=dataset&utm_medium=citation&utm_campaign=quiz-bank",
  "citeAs": "Colorado Porch, \"Colorado Rules Quiz bank\" (2026, Colorado Porch (each question cites an official Colorado source)). https://coloradoporch.com/data/v1/quiz-bank.json",
  "fields": [
    {
      "name": "id",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Stable question id."
    },
    {
      "name": "category",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Topic category."
    },
    {
      "name": "question",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The question prompt."
    },
    {
      "name": "options",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The four answer options (array)."
    },
    {
      "name": "correctAnswer",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "The correct option text."
    },
    {
      "name": "explanation",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Why the answer is correct."
    },
    {
      "name": "sourceLabel",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Label of the official source."
    },
    {
      "name": "sourceUrl",
      "type": "string",
      "description": "URL of the official source."
    }
  ],
  "rowCount": 50,
  "data": [
    {
      "id": "wildfire-seed-defensible-space",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "In wildfire planning, what is \"defensible space\"?",
      "options": [
        "A managed buffer of reduced vegetation around a home",
        "A legal easement letting fire crews cross your land",
        "An indoor room rated to survive a wildfire",
        "A county fund that reimburses fire damage"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A managed buffer of reduced vegetation around a home",
      "explanation": "Defensible space is the area around a structure where vegetation and other fuels are thinned and managed so a wildfire is less likely to reach the home and crews have a safer place to defend it.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado State Forest Service",
      "sourceUrl": "https://csfs.colostate.edu/"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-seed-mussels",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "Colorado's mandatory boat inspections at many reservoirs mainly target which invasive species?",
      "options": [
        "Zebra and quagga mussels",
        "Asian carp",
        "Sea lamprey",
        "Lionfish"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Zebra and quagga mussels",
      "explanation": "Aquatic Nuisance Species inspections check trailered boats for zebra and quagga mussels, which can clog water infrastructure. Clean, drain, and dry your boat between waters.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Aquatic Nuisance Species",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/aquatic-nuisance-species-program"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-seed-bears",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "What is Colorado's core \"Bear Aware\" advice for keeping black bears away from your home?",
      "options": [
        "Remove attractants — secure trash, birdseed, and pet food",
        "Leave food out so bears stay calm and full",
        "Approach slowly to move the bear along",
        "Spray water from a hose to train it to return"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Remove attractants — secure trash, birdseed, and pet food",
      "explanation": "Bears get into trouble chasing easy calories. Securing garbage, taking down birdfeeders in bear season, and not leaving pet food out keeps bears wild and away from homes.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Living with Wildlife",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-1",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "In Colorado property tax, what does one \"mill\" in a mill levy represent?",
      "options": [
        "$1 of tax per $1,000 of assessed value",
        "1% of the home's actual value",
        "$1 of tax per $100 of actual value",
        "1 cent per $1 of assessed value"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "$1 of tax per $1,000 of assessed value",
      "explanation": "A mill levy is the property-tax rate, and one mill equals one dollar of tax for every one thousand dollars of assessed value (a mill is 1/1000 of a dollar). So a 75-mill total levy is roughly $75 for each $1,000 of assessed value. Note the rate applies to ASSESSED value (actual value times the assessment rate), not the home's actual value.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Property Taxation",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dpt.colorado.gov/understanding-property-taxes-in-colorado"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-2",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "How is a Colorado property's \"assessed value\" determined for tax purposes?",
      "options": [
        "By averaging the sale prices of the three nearest homes",
        "By applying Colorado's assessment rate to the actual value",
        "By taking the price the owner originally paid for the home",
        "By multiplying the total mill levy by the actual value"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "By applying Colorado's assessment rate to the actual value",
      "explanation": "Colorado starts with actual value (the assessor's estimate of market value) and multiplies it by the assessment rate to get the assessed value. The mill levy is then applied to that assessed value to calculate the tax bill. Colorado uses periodic reappraisal of actual value, not the original purchase price.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Property Taxation",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dpt.colorado.gov/understanding-property-taxes-in-colorado"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-3",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "In Colorado, how does a metro district differ from a homeowners association (HOA)?",
      "options": [
        "A metro district is a private association; an HOA is a government body",
        "They are two names for the same private association",
        "A metro district is a public district with taxing power; an HOA is a private association",
        "A metro district only collects HOA dues, never property taxes"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A metro district is a public district with taxing power; an HOA is a private association",
      "explanation": "An HOA is a private association, while a metro district is a public local-government entity (a Title 32 special district) with the power to levy property taxes inside its boundaries. HOA dues and metro district taxes are not the same thing.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Property Taxation",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dpt.colorado.gov/property-tax-map"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-4",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "In Colorado, what is a property assessment appeal (protest) supposed to challenge?",
      "options": [
        "The mill levy set by local taxing districts",
        "A voter-approved tax increase",
        "The assessor's value, classification, or property details",
        "The total amount of the final tax bill"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "The assessor's value, classification, or property details",
      "explanation": "A Colorado assessment protest targets the assessor's actual value, the property's classification, or its recorded characteristics. It is generally not the place to fight the mill levy (set by taxing districts) or a voter-approved tax.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Property Taxation",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dpt.colorado.gov/localities"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-5",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "What does TABOR (Colorado's Taxpayer's Bill of Rights) primarily govern?",
      "options": [
        "It permanently caps every property tax bill at a fixed dollar amount",
        "It sets voter-approval requirements and revenue limits for governments",
        "It requires every city to charge an income tax",
        "It eliminates all local sales and use taxes statewide"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "It sets voter-approval requirements and revenue limits for governments",
      "explanation": "TABOR (Article X, Section 20 of the Colorado Constitution) governs when state and local governments need voter approval to raise tax rates, and it limits annual revenue growth to roughly inflation plus population, refunding the excess unless voters approve keeping it. It does not freeze every bill: voters can still approve taxes and assessed values can still move.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado General Assembly - TABOR",
      "sourceUrl": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/agencies/legislative-council-staff/tabor"
    },
    {
      "id": "property-6",
      "category": "property",
      "question": "Why can two Colorado homes with the same purchase price end up with different property tax bills?",
      "options": [
        "The state assigns each home a random tax rate every year",
        "Older homes always pay double the tax of newer homes",
        "One may sit in a metro district, different school, fire, or city mills",
        "The buyer's income determines the property tax rate"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "One may sit in a metro district, different school, fire, or city mills",
      "explanation": "In Colorado the address controls the bill: overlapping taxing districts mean one home can carry extra metro district, school, fire, or city mills that an otherwise identical home does not.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Property Taxation",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dpt.colorado.gov/property-tax-map"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-1",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "What water-rights system does Colorado follow?",
      "options": [
        "Riparian rights, tied to owning land along the water",
        "Prior appropriation — \"first in time, first in right\"",
        "Equal-share allocation set yearly by the state",
        "Whoever owns the surface automatically owns the water"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Prior appropriation — \"first in time, first in right\"",
      "explanation": "Colorado follows the prior appropriation doctrine: whoever first put water to beneficial use and obtained a court decree holds the senior right, and in a dry year senior rights are filled before junior ones.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Water Resources",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dwr.colorado.gov/"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-2",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "In Colorado, what does a small-acreage \"exempt\" well permit often limit the water to?",
      "options": [
        "Household use only — no outdoor watering of lawns, gardens, or livestock",
        "Unlimited use, including irrigating crops and watering livestock",
        "Commercial and industrial use as long as it is on your own land",
        "Whatever use the county zoning department approves"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Household use only — no outdoor watering of lawns, gardens, or livestock",
      "explanation": "Wells require a state permit, and the most common small-acreage \"exempt\" well permit is household-use-only — water may be used only inside the home, with no outdoor watering of lawns, gardens, or livestock, even though it is your own well. (Some exempt wells, such as domestic permits on larger parcels, allow limited outdoor or livestock use, so always read the actual permit.) The permit — administered by the Colorado Division of Water Resources, not county zoning — controls what the water can be used for.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Water Resources",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dwr.colorado.gov/"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-3",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "Under Colorado law, how much residential rainwater collection is allowed without state review?",
      "options": [
        "Unlimited, as long as it falls on your own property",
        "Up to two rain barrels (110 gallons total), collected from the rooftop, for outdoor use on the same property",
        "One barrel per person living in the home",
        "Any amount, but only for indoor drinking use"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Up to two rain barrels (110 gallons total), collected from the rooftop, for outdoor use on the same property",
      "explanation": "A household can use up to two rain barrels totaling 110 gallons, collected from the rooftop of a single-family home (or a residence with four or fewer units), for outdoor use on the same property. No permit is required at that size; larger systems need state review. The water cannot be used for drinking or indoor household purposes (Colorado HB 16-1005).",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Water Resources",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dwr.colorado.gov/services/water-administration/rainwater-storm-water-graywater"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-4",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "On a Colorado river crossing private land, what did the 1979 case People v. Emmert establish about the riverbed?",
      "options": [
        "The public's right to the water also gives a right to use the bed and banks",
        "Touching the riverbed while floating through private land can be criminal trespass",
        "Rivers are automatically public up to the high-water mark",
        "Anyone may wade and fish anywhere the water is public"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Touching the riverbed while floating through private land can be criminal trespass",
      "explanation": "People v. Emmert held that the public's right to the water does not give a right to use the riverbed and banks where a river crosses private property; rafters were convicted of criminal trespass for touching the bed to steer through private land.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado General Assembly — River Access in Colorado",
      "sourceUrl": "https://leg.colorado.gov/publications/river-access-colorado"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-5",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "What is true about Colorado's \"35-acre rule\" that lets land be split into 35-acre-or-larger parcels without county subdivision review?",
      "options": [
        "It guarantees the parcel has legal water and road access",
        "It is not a guarantee that the parcel is buildable",
        "It requires the county to verify water and services first",
        "It only applies to land already served by a municipal water provider"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "It is not a guarantee that the parcel is buildable",
      "explanation": "The 35-acre exemption (C.R.S. 30-28-101) only exempts a land division from county subdivision review — the county is not required to check roads, water, septic, or services, and the exemption does not waive zoning or building rules. So it is not a guarantee the parcel is buildable: a 35-acre lot can still fail on legal access, water, septic feasibility, zoning, utilities, fire, or floodplain. Verify all of that yourself before buying.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado General Assembly — C.R.S. 30-28-101",
      "sourceUrl": "https://leg.colorado.gov/"
    },
    {
      "id": "water-6",
      "category": "water",
      "question": "In the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area, what is required of every person tubing the river?",
      "options": [
        "A separate tubing permit from the park",
        "Every tube occupant must wear a life jacket",
        "Only children under 12 must wear a life jacket",
        "Nothing — a tube is not legally a vessel, so no rules apply"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Every tube occupant must wear a life jacket",
      "explanation": "Although a tube is not legally a \"vessel\" in Colorado, the Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area (AHRA) requires every tube occupant to wear a life jacket. AHRA's rule covers all commercial boaters, all children under 13, and everyone riding an inner tube anywhere on the river.",
      "sourceLabel": "CPW — Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/state-parks/arkansas-headwaters-recreation-area"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-1",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "In a wildfire-prone area of Colorado, when should a homebuyer get a home-insurance quote for a specific address?",
      "options": [
        "Early, before inspection and lending deadlines",
        "Only after closing on the home",
        "After the first full fire season in the home",
        "Only if a lender specifically requires it"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Early, before inspection and lending deadlines",
      "explanation": "Wildfire risk can affect price, coverage, and whether an insurer will write the policy at all, so quotes should come early enough to inform inspection, objection, and lending deadlines.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Insurance",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.colorado.gov/"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-2",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "Which Colorado agency is the state's starting point for home insurance questions?",
      "options": [
        "The Colorado Division of Insurance",
        "Colorado Parks and Wildlife",
        "The Colorado State Forest Service",
        "The Division of Property Taxation"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "The Colorado Division of Insurance",
      "explanation": "The guide names the Colorado Division of Insurance as the state insurance starting point, while the State Forest Service is cited separately for home wildfire mitigation.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Insurance",
      "sourceUrl": "https://doi.colorado.gov/"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-3",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "On a Colorado wildfire evacuation alert, what does a Level 3 (GO) order mean?",
      "options": [
        "Be prepared and stay aware of the situation",
        "Be packed and pointed out, with vulnerable people leaving now",
        "Leave immediately and do not delay",
        "It is now safe to return home"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Leave immediately and do not delay",
      "explanation": "Colorado counties use a three-level READY/SET/GO evacuation system. Level 1 is READY (be prepared, stay aware), Level 2 is SET (be packed and pointed out; vulnerable people and animals leave now), and Level 3 is GO, meaning leave immediately and do not delay. A Level 3 GO order is typically the last notice you will receive.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Division of Homeland Security & Emergency Management",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dhsem.colorado.gov"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-4",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "On a Red Flag Warning day in Colorado, what is the right call about open flames like campfires and grills?",
      "options": [
        "They are fine as long as a hose is nearby",
        "Skip any open flame entirely",
        "Only charcoal grills are restricted",
        "They are allowed until winds exceed 50 mph"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Skip any open flame entirely",
      "explanation": "A Red Flag Warning signals low humidity, high wind, and dry fuels where fire spreads explosively, so the guidance is to skip any open flame entirely.",
      "sourceLabel": "National Weather Service",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.weather.gov"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-5",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "According to the guide, what causes most wildfires in Colorado?",
      "options": [
        "Lightning strikes",
        "Human activity",
        "Downed power lines",
        "Spontaneous combustion of dry brush"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Human activity",
      "explanation": "Most Colorado wildfires are human-caused (campfires, equipment, debris burning, vehicles), which is why following fire bans and campfire rules to the letter matters so much. Lightning starts only a minority of fires.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado State Forest Service",
      "sourceUrl": "https://csfs.colostate.edu/wildfire-mitigation/"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildfire-6",
      "category": "wildfire",
      "question": "On a bad-air day from wildfire smoke in Colorado, what mask offers real protection if you must be outside?",
      "options": [
        "A well-fitted N95",
        "A cloth mask",
        "A surgical mask",
        "Any mask, as long as it is doubled up"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A well-fitted N95",
      "explanation": "The guide says to wear a well-fitted N95 if you must be out, and notes that a cloth or surgical mask won't help against smoke. N95 respirators are designed to filter the fine particulate (PM2.5) in wildfire smoke; cloth and surgical masks are too loose and don't filter those particles, and doubling up loose masks doesn't fix that.",
      "sourceLabel": "AirNow Fire and Smoke Map",
      "sourceUrl": "https://fire.airnow.gov"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-1",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "Which state agency manages hunting in Colorado — setting seasons, selling licenses, and writing the rules?",
      "options": [
        "Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW)",
        "The Colorado Department of Revenue",
        "The U.S. Forest Service",
        "The Colorado Division of Property Taxation"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW)",
      "explanation": "Hunting in Colorado is run by one agency, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, which sets the seasons, sells the licenses, and writes the rules.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Hunting",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/hunting"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-2",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "In Colorado, who must complete an approved hunter-education course before buying or applying for a hunting license?",
      "options": [
        "Anyone born on or after January 1, 1949",
        "Only nonresident hunters",
        "Only hunters under age 18",
        "Everyone, regardless of birth date"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Anyone born on or after January 1, 1949",
      "explanation": "Colorado law requires anyone born on or after January 1, 1949, to complete an approved hunter-education course before they can buy or apply for a hunting license. It's a one-time, lifetime requirement (hunters born before that date are exempt, and those 50+ or active/veteran military can test out).",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Hunter Education",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/hunting/education-outreach"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-3",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "How does Colorado hand out most of its limited big-game tags for the best hunts?",
      "options": [
        "Through a yearly draw — a lottery you apply for in spring",
        "First-come, first-served at the counter all year",
        "By auction to the highest bidder only",
        "Automatically to anyone with a fishing license"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Through a yearly draw — a lottery you apply for in spring",
      "explanation": "Colorado has far more hunters than tags for the best hunts, so most big-game tags are handed out by a draw — a yearly lottery applied for in spring, with a computer picking who gets each limited tag. Over-the-counter tags exist for some units and seasons, and a handful of premium sheep/goat/moose tags are auctioned or raffled, but those are the exceptions, not the main system.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Big Game",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/hunting/big-game"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-4",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "What does a 'GMU' refer to in Colorado hunting?",
      "options": [
        "A Game Management Unit — a numbered chunk of the map",
        "A General Multi-species Unit license",
        "A Gold Medal Underwater fishing zone",
        "A Government Managed Utility district"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A Game Management Unit — a numbered chunk of the map",
      "explanation": "A GMU is a Game Management Unit, a numbered chunk of the map; Colorado is split into hundreds of them and rules, tags, and seasons change from unit to unit.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Where to Hunt",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/where-hunt"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-5",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "To enter most Colorado State Wildlife Areas (SWAs), what must anyone 16 or older carry — even just to bird or hike through?",
      "options": [
        "A valid hunting or fishing license, or a separate SWA pass",
        "Only a State Parks pass",
        "Only the Keep Colorado Wild Pass",
        "Nothing — SWAs are free to enter for non-hunters"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A valid hunting or fishing license, or a separate SWA pass",
      "explanation": "To enter most of CPW's roughly 350 State Wildlife Areas, anyone 16 or older must carry a valid hunting or fishing license or a separate SWA pass — even when only birding, hiking, or walking through. This rule (in effect since 2020) surprises many people. The SWA pass is separate from the State Parks pass and the Keep Colorado Wild Pass, which cover state parks, not SWAs.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — SWA Finder",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/swa-finder"
    },
    {
      "id": "hunting-6",
      "category": "hunting",
      "question": "On most National Forest land in Colorado, how close to a residence, building, or campsite may you legally discharge a firearm while target shooting?",
      "options": [
        "No closer than 150 yards",
        "No closer than 50 feet",
        "No closer than 1 mile",
        "There is no minimum distance"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "No closer than 150 yards",
      "explanation": "On most National Forest land you may never discharge a firearm within 150 yards of a residence, building, campsite, developed recreation site, or occupied area (nor across or on a forest road or adjacent water). This is the federal 150-yard rule under 36 CFR 261.10(d), which applies to Colorado's national forests.",
      "sourceLabel": "eCFR — 36 CFR 261.10 (Occupancy and use)",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.10"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-1",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "By default, how many lines (rods) can you fish with in Colorado unless you buy a special stamp?",
      "options": [
        "One line",
        "Two lines",
        "Three lines",
        "Unlimited lines"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "One line",
      "explanation": "Colorado is a one-line state by default; you may fish a single line that's personally attended (you're holding it or right there with it), and each line can hold up to three hooks. Fishing a second rod requires a second-rod stamp — and anglers under 16 need that stamp too.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Fishing Licenses and Dates",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/fishing/fishing-licenses-and-dates"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-2",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "At what age does someone need to buy a Colorado fishing license?",
      "options": [
        "12 or older",
        "14 or older",
        "16 or older",
        "18 or older"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "16 or older",
      "explanation": "Anyone 16 and up needs a valid Colorado fishing license; kids under 16 fish for free, though they still follow all bag and size limits. One license covers every kind of fish.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Fishing Licenses & Dates",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/fishing/fishing-licenses-and-dates"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-3",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "In Colorado, snagging (hooking a fish somewhere other than the mouth) is illegal except for which fish?",
      "options": [
        "Rainbow trout",
        "Kokanee salmon",
        "Channel catfish",
        "Northern pike"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Kokanee salmon",
      "explanation": "Snagging is illegal in Colorado except for kokanee salmon, and only at specific waters during specific seasons listed in the CPW fishing brochure. Any other fish snagged must be released immediately, and snagging anywhere it isn't expressly allowed is poaching.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Fishing",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/fishing"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-4",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "What kind of watercraft is required to have an Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) stamp before launching in Colorado?",
      "options": [
        "Kayaks and canoes",
        "Motorboats and sailboats",
        "Paddleboards and float tubes",
        "Rafts and inner tubes"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Motorboats and sailboats",
      "explanation": "In Colorado, all motorboats and sailboats must carry an Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) stamp before launching in state waters. Human-powered craft like kayaks, canoes, paddleboards, and float tubes don't need the stamp, though everyone must Clean, Drain, Dry every time.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Aquatic Nuisance Species Program",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/aquatic-nuisance-species-program"
    },
    {
      "id": "fishing-5",
      "category": "fishing",
      "question": "Under Colorado's stream-access law, what can a landowner own along a non-navigable stream?",
      "options": [
        "The fish swimming in it",
        "The bed of the stream",
        "The right to charge anglers a toll",
        "The water itself as it flows past"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "The bed of the stream",
      "explanation": "In Colorado the landowner generally owns the bed of a non-navigable stream, so standing on the streambed or banks of private land can be trespass even on a river you legally reached. (The water itself is public property of the state; only the bed and banks can be privately owned.)",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Fishing",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/activities/fishing"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-1",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "In Colorado, the tax built into your vehicle registration bill that is based on the vehicle's value and age is called what?",
      "options": [
        "Specific ownership tax",
        "Personal property excise tax",
        "Annual valuation levy",
        "Highway use surtax"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Specific ownership tax",
      "explanation": "Colorado registration includes a 'specific ownership tax,' an annual tax based on the vehicle's original value and its age, which is why newer or higher-value vehicles cost more to register. The rate drops as the vehicle ages.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/taxes-and-fees"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-2",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "Why can two otherwise similar cars have very different Colorado registration bills?",
      "options": [
        "Specific ownership tax is based on the vehicle's value and age, so newer or pricier vehicles cost more",
        "Registration cost is set by the make of the vehicle alone",
        "Older vehicles always pay the highest specific ownership tax",
        "The bill is a single flat charge identical for every vehicle"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Specific ownership tax is based on the vehicle's value and age, so newer or pricier vehicles cost more",
      "explanation": "Because specific ownership tax is value-and-age based, a new or high-value vehicle can cost much more to register than an older one.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/taxes-and-fees"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-3",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "Which Colorado office actually calculates the final amount you owe to register a vehicle?",
      "options": [
        "The county motor vehicle office",
        "The Colorado State Treasurer",
        "The Colorado General Assembly",
        "The state emissions contractor"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "The county motor vehicle office",
      "explanation": "Registration is not a single flat charge. Your county motor vehicle office calculates and collects the final amount, combining specific ownership tax (a value-and-age-based vehicle tax), weight-based license fees, and any local fees. The General Assembly sets the fee statutes, but it does not compute any individual's bill.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV - Vehicle Taxes and Fees",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/taxes-and-fees"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-4",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "In which part of Colorado is vehicle emissions testing concentrated?",
      "options": [
        "The Front Range program area",
        "The Western Slope",
        "The San Luis Valley",
        "Statewide in every county equally"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "The Front Range program area",
      "explanation": "Colorado's vehicle emissions testing program is concentrated in the Front Range program area, covering qualifying gasoline vehicles in specific counties (such as Denver, Boulder, Jefferson, Adams, and Arapahoe). It is not required equally across all counties — much of the state has no emissions requirement.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/emissions"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-5",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "How does the Keep Colorado Wild Pass appear during many Colorado vehicle registrations?",
      "options": [
        "It is added by default unless the owner declines it",
        "It must be requested separately by mail",
        "It is mandatory and cannot be removed",
        "It is only available at state park entrances"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "It is added by default unless the owner declines it",
      "explanation": "During many Colorado vehicle registrations the Keep Colorado Wild Pass is added by default, and the owner can decline (opt out) of it during the registration process, so it is not mandatory.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/keep-colorado-wild-frequently-asked-questions-faqs"
    },
    {
      "id": "driving-6",
      "category": "driving",
      "question": "When moving to Colorado, why shouldn't the city name alone tell you which vehicle and tax rules apply to your address?",
      "options": [
        "Rules like emissions, ownership tax, and local taxes can change by county, city, and district",
        "All Colorado addresses follow one statewide rule set",
        "Vehicle rules are set only by the city, never the county",
        "The city name reliably determines the county and all fees"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Rules like emissions, ownership tax, and local taxes can change by county, city, and district",
      "explanation": "A Colorado address is a bundle of local layers; taxes, vehicle steps, and local rules can vary by county, city, and district, so you should check the exact address.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado DMV",
      "sourceUrl": "https://dmv.colorado.gov/vehicles"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-1",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "How many state parks does Colorado Parks and Wildlife run?",
      "options": [
        "43",
        "12",
        "58",
        "20"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "43",
      "explanation": "Colorado Parks and Wildlife runs 43 state parks, which hold thousands of campsites and many of the most beginner-friendly campgrounds in the state.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks and Wildlife — State Parks",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/state-parks-info"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-2",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "On a designated OHV trail in Colorado, does a street-legal, plated full-size 4x4 (like a licensed Jeep) need a Colorado OHV Permit?",
      "options": [
        "No — the license plate already makes it legal on any trail",
        "Yes — a plated 4x4 still needs a Colorado OHV Permit on designated OHV trails",
        "Only if the driver is from out of state",
        "Only on trails above 12,000 feet"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Yes — a plated 4x4 still needs a Colorado OHV Permit on designated OHV trails",
      "explanation": "In Colorado a plated, street-legal full-size 4x4 (or plated motorcycle) is treated like an OHV when it's on a designated OHV trail or open area on public land, and it needs a Colorado OHV Permit there — including in staging areas. CPW's rule applies to all plated, street-legal vehicles, residents and nonresidents alike. (On ordinary numbered forest and county roads, a street-legal rig doesn't need the permit — it's the OHV trails and open areas that trigger it.)",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks and Wildlife — Register an Off-Highway Vehicle",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/register-off-highway-vehicle"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-3",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "On the trail in Colorado, who has the right of way according to the standard yield rule?",
      "options": [
        "Hikers and horses both yield to bikers",
        "Everyone yields to horses; bikers yield to everyone",
        "Horses yield to bikers and hikers",
        "Whoever is going downhill has the right of way"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Everyone yields to horses; bikers yield to everyone",
      "explanation": "The \"yield triangle\" used on Colorado trails: bikers yield to both hikers and horses, hikers yield to horses, and everyone yields to horses (they spook easily, so give them the most room). When two hikers meet on a slope, the uphill hiker has the right of way, since the climber sets the pace.",
      "sourceLabel": "National Park Service — Colorado",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.nps.gov/state/co/index.htm"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-4",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "Which organization confirms that a place is genuinely dark and protected by good lighting before it becomes a certified dark-sky park or community?",
      "options": [
        "DarkSky International",
        "The National Weather Service",
        "NASA",
        "The Colorado Department of Transportation"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "DarkSky International",
      "explanation": "\"Certified\" means DarkSky International has confirmed both that a place is genuinely dark and that it protects its night sky with good lighting.",
      "sourceLabel": "DarkSky International — International Dark Sky Places",
      "sourceUrl": "https://darksky.org/what-we-do/international-dark-sky-places/"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-5",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "In Colorado, where on the 1-5 avalanche danger scale do the great majority of avalanche deaths occur?",
      "options": [
        "On \"High\" and \"Extreme\" days",
        "On \"Considerable\" and \"Moderate\" days",
        "Only on \"Low\" days",
        "Evenly spread across all five levels"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "On \"Considerable\" and \"Moderate\" days",
      "explanation": "About 80% of Colorado avalanche deaths happen on \"Considerable\" and \"Moderate\" danger days, not \"High\" ones (CAIC data: roughly 40% Moderate, 40% Considerable, 20% High). The danger is less obvious on those days, so more people head into the backcountry. \"Moderate\" does not mean safe.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Avalanche Information Center",
      "sourceUrl": "https://avalanche.state.co.us/accidents/statistics-and-reporting"
    },
    {
      "id": "parks-6",
      "category": "parks",
      "question": "What are the three rescue tools every backcountry winter traveler in Colorado must carry and know how to use?",
      "options": [
        "A map, a compass, and a whistle",
        "A beacon, a probe, and a shovel",
        "A helmet, goggles, and an airbag pack",
        "Chains, a tow strap, and a winch"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A beacon, a probe, and a shovel",
      "explanation": "Every person, every time, must carry and know how to use a beacon (to signal location under the snow), a probe (to pinpoint a buried person), and a shovel (to dig them out).",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Avalanche Information Center",
      "sourceUrl": "https://avalanche.state.co.us"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-1",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "On public land west of I-25 in Colorado, collecting shed antlers and horns is prohibited during which window each year?",
      "options": [
        "January 1 through April 30",
        "June 1 through August 31",
        "September 1 through November 30",
        "It is never allowed on public land"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "January 1 through April 30",
      "explanation": "Colorado closes shed-antler and horn collecting on all public land west of I-25 from January 1 through April 30 every year to protect deer, elk, moose, and sage grouse during the stressful winter months. East of I-25 there is no seasonal closure.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Shed Antler & Horn Collection",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/shed-antler-and-horn-collection"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-2",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "If you find a single songbird or hawk feather on the ground in Colorado, what does federal law say about keeping it?",
      "options": [
        "You may keep one feather per species for personal use",
        "It is generally illegal to keep, even a molted or found feather",
        "You may keep it if you report it within 48 hours",
        "It is legal as long as you don't sell it"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "It is generally illegal to keep, even a molted or found feather",
      "explanation": "The federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act makes it illegal to possess the feathers of nearly all wild native birds, with no exception for a feather the bird molted or one you simply found on the ground. (Narrow exceptions exist for legally hunted waterfowl/gamebirds and permitted Native American use.) The safe move is to admire it, photograph it, and leave it.",
      "sourceLabel": "U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service — The Feather Atlas: Feathers and the Law",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.fws.gov/lab/featheratlas/feathers-law.html"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-3",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "What does federal law say about picking up an arrowhead or pottery shard you find on public land in Colorado?",
      "options": [
        "It's allowed for personal use with hand tools",
        "It's a federal crime under ARPA — leave it and report it",
        "It's allowed if the site isn't a marked archaeological area",
        "It requires only a cheap personal-use permit"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "It's a federal crime under ARPA — leave it and report it",
      "explanation": "The Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) protects artifacts on public land, and violations can be a felony. If you find one, leave it where it is, photograph it, note the location, and report it to the land agency.",
      "sourceLabel": "BLM — \"Can I Keep This?\"",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.blm.gov/learn/can-i-keep-this"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-4",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "On public land in Colorado, which kind of fossil generally cannot be collected without a scientific permit?",
      "options": [
        "Common plant fossils like leaf imprints",
        "Petrified wood in small personal-use amounts",
        "Vertebrate fossils such as dinosaur bones",
        "Invertebrate fossils like ancient shells"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "Vertebrate fossils such as dinosaur bones",
      "explanation": "Vertebrate fossils — anything with a backbone, such as dinosaur bones, fish, and mammals — are protected on all federal land under the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act and cannot be collected without a scientific permit, while common plant and invertebrate fossils, and petrified wood, may be collected in small personal-use amounts.",
      "sourceLabel": "BLM — \"Can I Keep This?\"",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.blm.gov/learn/can-i-keep-this"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-5",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "In Colorado birding, what is a \"lek\"?",
      "options": [
        "A traditional ground where male grouse gather to display for mates each spring",
        "A patch of trees where tired migrating songbirds concentrate",
        "A high-elevation feeder site for wintering rosy-finches",
        "A protected wetland where sandhill cranes roost"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "A traditional ground where male grouse gather to display for mates each spring",
      "explanation": "A lek is a traditional patch of ground where male grouse gather to boom, dance, and strut to win mates each spring. Because leks are sensitive, view them only from an organized tour or a designated site, and never share exact lek locations.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Parks & Wildlife — Sage-Grouse",
      "sourceUrl": "https://cpw.state.co.us/learn/Pages/SOC-SageGrouse.aspx"
    },
    {
      "id": "wildlife-6",
      "category": "wildlife",
      "question": "Colorado is considered one of the best places on Earth to see what notable group of birds?",
      "options": [
        "All four North American hummingbird genera",
        "All three North American rosy-finches",
        "Every native species of owl",
        "All five North American grouse on one lek"
      ],
      "correctAnswer": "All three North American rosy-finches",
      "explanation": "Colorado is one of the only places where you can see all three North American rosy-finches — the Brown-capped, Black, and Gray-crowned — sometimes at the same high-elevation winter feeder. The Brown-capped Rosy-Finch breeds almost entirely in Colorado, which is why winter birders travel here specifically to catch all three.",
      "sourceLabel": "Colorado Birding Trail",
      "sourceUrl": "https://coloradobirdingtrail.com"
    }
  ]
}