La Junta, Colorado

La Junta sits on the south bank of the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado, at roughly 4,078 feet one of the lower-lying towns in the state. Its name is simply Spanish for "the junction," and the crossroads runs deep. Long before the town, this stretch of the Arkansas carried the Mountain Branch of the Santa Fe Trail, the wagon road that ran from Missouri toward Santa Fe from 1821 into the 1880s. Just northeast of the modern town, William and Charles Bent and Ceran St. Vrain built an adobe trading post in 1833 — Bent's Old Fort — where trappers from the southern Rockies, Missouri travelers, Hispanic traders from Mexico, and the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche, and Kiowa met to trade buffalo robes. William Bent abandoned the fort in 1849; the National Park Service reconstructed it and dedicated it in 1976, and it stands again on the plain.

The town itself is a railroad child. It began in 1875 as an end-of-the-line construction camp as the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway pushed west along the old trail, and the Santa Fe recognized the value of the spot: it built a depot and roundhouse here and established its railroad shops at the site by 1879. La Junta became a genuine junction a second time when the line branched north toward Denver, and the town grew into a railroad and shipping hub for the surrounding farm and ranch country. Incorporated in 1881, it became the seat of Otero County — named for Miguel Otero, a nineteenth-century New Mexican politician who helped found the county seat — and the largest town in it, the working center of a wide, thinly settled corner of the plains where the Arkansas Valley's melons, cattle, and produce moved to market by rail.